Disciplines from the North
The History of Olympic Cross-Country Skiing: From Nordic Origins to Italian Legends
Cross-country skiing originated in the Nordic countries as a practical means of travelling on snow, especially in the Middle Ages and the 19th century: the word 'ski' itself derives from the Old Norse 'skid', meaning 'long piece of wood'.
It became a sporting discipline in the mid-19th century, with the first documented competition taking place in 1842. It was brought to prominence by Fridtjof Nansen, who crossed Greenland in 1888, making cross-country skiing important on a European level.
Its Olympic debut came with the first Olympic Winter Games, in Chamonix in 1924, with competitions for men. Women’s events were not included until 1952, in Oslo.
Over time, the programme expanded: the original competitions were joined by the men's 30 km and women's relay in 1956, the women's 5 km in 1964 and the sprint and mass start formats in 2002.
Italy's Olympic history in cross-country skiing began with Franco Nones, who won gold in the 30 km event in Grenoble in 1968: a historic triumph that ended the dominance of Scandinavian cross-country skiers.
Among the great athletes, Manuela Di Centa (two golds in Lillehammer in 1994) and Stefania Belmondo (gold in Albertville in 1992 and Salt Lake City in 2002) stand out as irreplaceable icons of Italian cross-country skiing.
Cross-Country Ski in Tesero
At the Milano Cortina 2026 Winter Olympics, the cross-country skiing competitions will be held at the Tesero Cross-Country Skiing Stadium. There will be twelve events and, for the first time in history, men and women will compete over the same distances:
- 10 + 10 km skiathlon (men and women)
- sprint (men and women)
- team freestyle sprint (men and women)
- 4x7.5 km relay (men and women)
- 10 km individual free technique (men and women)
- 50 km classic mass start (men and women)
Tesero and Predazzo - Nordic combined and ski jumping
Nordic combined is one of the most traditional Winter Games disciplines, included since 1924. It tests the athletes' all-round ability, endurance, and technique, as they must excel in both ski jumping and cross-country skiing.
At Milano Cortina 2026, the programme includes three men's events:
- individual from the normal hill + 10 km cross-country
- individual large hill + 10 km cross-country
- team sprint from the large hill + 2x7.5 km cross-country relay
The result of the jump, evaluated in distance and style using the Gundersen method, is converted into time to determine the starting order in cross-country skiing: each point lost is equivalent to seconds of delay. The race over the snow then decides the final result, with the first to cross the finish line declared the winner.
Ski jumping is one of the most spectacular disciplines, with the athletes gliding down the ramp and then taking off, their aim being to land as far away as possible. The competitions at Milano Cortina 2026 will consist of six events, including both men's and women's events:
- individual normal hill (men and women)
- individual large hill (men and women)
- men's super team
- mixed team competition
The Lago di Tesero Cross-Country Centre will host the endurance events, while the Predazzo Ski Jumping Stadium will be the stage for spectacular jumps.
Biathlon and Paralympic Cross-Country Skiing - Tesero
A sport that combines the strength and endurance of cross-country skiing with the precision of target shooting.
Biathlon was introduced at Innsbruck in 1988 for athletes with physical disabilities and in 1992 also for athletes with visual impairments.
At Milano Cortina 2026, the following events will take place:
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Pursuit sprint (men and women)
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7.5 km sprint (men and women)
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12.5 km individual (men and women)
The "standing" category includes skiers with physical disabilities who ski standing up using the free technique, including those who use prostheses.
People with upper limb disabilities ski without poles, or with only one pole. At the shooting range, after positioning their rifle, they give the order to shoot to a coach, who then pulls the trigger.
The "sitting" category includes athletes who ski on a sit-ski, consisting of a seat mounted on two cross-country skis, and they use a technique similar to the classic one.
The "vision impaired" category includes skiers with visual impairments, who compete in freestyle accompanied by a guide. At the shooting range, they are assisted by acoustic signals which, depending on the intensity of the signal, indicate when the athlete is on target.